NAD+

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a dinucleotide coenzyme present in every living cell, consisting of nicotinamide ribonucleotide and adenosine linked by a pyrophosphate bridge. It is arguably the most central molecule in cellular energy metabolism, cycling between oxidised (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms as an electron carrier across glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. NAD+ is also consumed as a co-substrate — not merely a cofactor — by sirtuins and PARP enzymes, directly linking cellular energy status to gene regulation and DNA repair.

Molecular formula: C21H27N7O14P2 | Molecular weight: 663.43 g/mol | CAS: 53-84-9 | Structure: Dinucleotide (nicotinamide + adenosine via pyrophosphate) | Purity: greater than or equal to 98% as verified by HPLC | Form: Lyophilised powder | Appearance: White to pale yellow lyophilised powder | Storage: -20°C desiccated | Special note: Highly hygroscopic

Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) require NAD+ as a co-substrate for deacetylation reactions. SIRT1 regulates PGC-1alpha-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and p53-mediated stress responses; SIRT3 activates mitochondrial OXPHOS and antioxidant enzymes; SIRT6 maintains DNA repair and telomere integrity. PARP1 consumes NAD+ during DNA strand break repair, and excessive PARP activation under oxidative stress can deplete cellular NAD+ stores. CD38, a major NAD+ hydrolase, increases with age and inflammation — driving the age-related NAD+ decline documented across multiple species.

NAD+ research connects to 5-Amino-1MQ (NNMT inhibition redirects nicotinamide to NAD+ salvage), MOTS-c (AMPK/PGC-1alpha downstream of mitochondrial signalling), and SLU-PP-332 (ERR agonism downstream of SIRT1/PGC-1alpha). Highly hygroscopic — equilibrate sealed vials to room temperature before opening; handle under dry conditions.

For laboratory and analytical research purposes only. Not for human or veterinary use.